Soil Horizon

Soil horizon refers to the distinct layers of soil that develop over time, each with unique physical, chemical, and biological characteristics. Horizons are typically labeled O, A, B, C, and R, with the O horizon containing organic matter, the A horizon being the topsoil rich in organic material, and deeper horizons like B and C containing more mineral content. Understanding soil horizons is important for soil management and assessing soil fertility.

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